Monthly Meteorological Report for Ferny Grove, Brisbane in September 2019 – hot days and little rain

At Ferny Grove during September overnight temperatures were near average with many cool nights while daytime temperatures were well above average. The official sites in the Brisbane area similarly measured near average or below average overnight temperatures and daytime temperatures were well above average at all of the sites. During the month there was very little rainfall at Ferny Grove and across the Brisbane area. Very little rainfall was observed during the first half of the month and no rainfall during this time was observed at Ferny Grove. At Ferny Grove air pressure was above average, mean relative humidity was well below average, mean minimum relative humidity was well below average, mean maximum relative humidity was well below average, well below average mean and minimum dew point, below average mean maximum dew point, above average wind speed, with zero thunderstorms (2 thunder days).

 

Temperature – near average night time and well above average day-time temperatures

Monthly Mean Minimum Temperature: 12.1 ºC, 0.2 ºC above average and 0.8 ºC higher than same month in 2018. This is the fifth highest on record for September and the highest since 13.2 ºC in 2016. In the Brisbane area during September most sites were close to or below the long term average. The exception to this was Cape Moreton Lighthouse which was 0.8 ºC above average with a mean minimum temperature of 16.8 ºC. Cape Moreton also observed the highest mean minimum temperature of all the sites. The lowest mean minimum temperature was 8.7 ºC at Amberley (0.8 ºC below average). Except for Beerburrum at 0.7 ºC below average (11.3 ºC) the remaining sites were close to average between 0.4 ºC below average and 0.3 ºC above average. Brisbane observed a mean minimum temperature of 14.1 ºC (0.3 ºC above average).

 

Monthly Mean Maximum Temperature: 28.2 ºC, 2.1 ºC above average and 2.8 ºC higher than same month in 2018. This is the third highest on record for September and the highest since 28.4 ºC in 2017. During September all of the official sites in the Brisbane area observed above average mean maximum temperatures, with the highest anomalies observed by the inland sites. The site measuring the mean maximum temperature closest to its long term average was 1.2 ºC above average at Brisbane Aero (25.4 ºC), while the lowest mean maximum temperature was 23.3 ºC at Cape Moreton Lighthouse (1.8 ºC above average). Many sites were up to 1.8 ºC above average, while the inland sites were at least 2 ºC above average. The highest mean maximum temperature was observed by Gatton (3.7 ºC above average) and Amberley (3.6 ºC) and both observed 29.3 ºC. Archerfield was 2.6 ºC above average (27.9 ºC), Beaudesert was 2.6 ºC above average (28.7 ºC), and Logan City Treatment Plant was 2 ºC above average (27.1 ºC). Brisbane observed a mean maximum temperature of 27.4 ºC (1.8 ºC above average).

 

Mean Monthly Temperature: 20.2 ºC, 1.1 ºC above average and 1.8 ºC higher than same month in 2018. This is the third highest on record for September and the equal highest since 20.2 ºC in 2013.

 

Lowest Temperature: 6.9 ºC on 12 September 2019 at 6:10 AM. Same month in 2018 was 7.2 ºC. This is the sixth highest and lowest monthly minimum temperature for September on record, the lowest since 4.6 ºC in 2017 on 15 September at 5:55 AM, the thirteenth lowest daily September minimum temperature and the lowest since 5.1 ºC on 16 September 2017 at 6:11 AM. Official stations in the Brisbane area observed the lowest temperature of the month on the 10th and 13th at some sites and on the 1st, 4th and 13th at other sites. The lowest was 2.9 ºC at Amberley on the 10th and the highest was 12 ºC at Cape Moreton Lighthouse on the 12th. The lowest temperature at Brisbane was 10.4 ºC on the 1st. During the first half of the month there were numerous cool nights due to clear skies and no cool nights at the end of the month.

 

Highest Temperature: 35.3 ºC at 1:44 PM on 6 September 2019. Same month in 2018 was 31.2 ºC. This is the second highest monthly maximum temperature for September on record, the highest since the current record high of 36.6 ºC in 2017 on 29 September at 2:35 PM, the third highest daily maximum temperature for September and the highest since 35.6 ºC on 28 September 2017 at 4:27 PM. The official sites measured the highest temperature for the month on the 6th at most sites, the 4th at some coastal sites and the 28th for Logan City Treatment Plant. The lowest was 29.5 ºC at Cape Moreton Lighthouse on the 4th and the highest was 36.4 ºC at Amberley on the 6th. Brisbane observed its highest temperature of 34.8 ºC on the 6th. Above average maximum temperatures observed during the most of the month. The 4th to 6th saw all sites experience well above average maximum temperatures in persistent north-easterly winds.

 

Lowest Maximum Temperature: 23.4 ºC at 2:56 PM on 11 September 2019. This is the third highest monthly lowest maximum temperature for September on record, the highest since 24.2 ºC in 2017 on 14 September at 12:53 PM, the equal twenty-eighth lowest maximum temperature for September and equal lowest since 19.7 ºC on 30 September 2018 at 8:59 AM. This month in 2018 was 19.7 ºC. Most of the official stations in the Brisbane area measured the coolest day on the 10th and 11th and some sites on the 9th. These ranged between 18.9 ºC at Cape Moreton Lighthouse on the 10th and 23.9 ºC at Amberley on the 9th. Brisbane observed its coolest day of 23 ºC on the 11th. In the Brisbane area the official sites observed a few periods of cool days which mostly were observed between the 9th and 12th.

 

Highest Minimum Temperature: 17.1 ºC on 25 September 2019 at 5:12 AM. This is the equal fifth highest monthly September highest minimum temperature on record, the lowest since 16 ºC in 2015 on 17 September at 9:42 PM, the ninth highest daily minimum temperature for September and the highest since 17.5 ºC on 27 September 2017 at 5:30 PM. This month in 2018 was 17.1 ºC. Most of the official stations in the Brisbane area measured the warmest night on 25th and 26th and at some sites on the 22nd and 28th. These ranged between 15.9 ºC at Amberley on the 25th and 19.8 ºC at Brisbane on the 26th. For Brisbane this is the highest for September in 9 years since 20.4 ºC on 28 September 2010. In the Brisbane area warm nights were observed mostly during the last 10 days of the month.

 

Monthly Mean Minimum Grass Temperature: 9.6 ºC (0.4 ºC lower than same month in 2018).

 

Lowest Minimum Grass Temperature: 4.9 ºC on 12 September 2019 (2.1 ºC higher than same month in 2018). This coincided with the lowest minimum temperature of 6.9 ºC for the month.

 

Highest Minimum Grass Temperature: 16.2 ºC on 25 September 2019 (0.4 ºC higher than same month in 2018). This coincided with the highest minimum temperature of 17.1 ºC for the month.

 

Highest Minimum Grass Temperature Depression: 4.2 ºC on 9 September 2019 with a minimum grass temperature of 8.4 ºC and an air temperature of 13.7 ºC.

 

Lowest Minimum Grass Temperature Depression: 0.9 ºC on 25 September 2019 with a minimum grass temperature of 16.2 ºC and an air temperature of 17.1 ºC.

 

Minimum temperatures were generally below average over the first half of the month except for some warmer nights in the second week of the month. Most nights in the second half of the month were above average. The 1st was 5 ºC below average, 2 ºC below average on the 2nd, 3 ºC below average on the 3rd, 3 ºC below average on the 5th and 2 ºC below average on the 6th. A warmer period followed being 4 ºC above average on the 7th and cooling to 2 ºC above average on the 8th and 1 ºC above average on the 9th. A cool period followed being 2 ºC below average on the 10th, 4 to 5 ºC below average on the 11th to 13th and 1 ºC below average on the 14th. The 15th was near average, 2 ºC below average on the 16th, 1 ºC below average on the 17th and 1 ºC above average on the 18th. The 19th was 1 ºC below average before another warm spell. The 20th to 22nd was 2 to 4 ºC above average, 1 ºC above average on the 23rd and 3 to 5 ºC above average on the 24th to 26th. The 27th was 2 ºC above average, 5 ºC above average on the 28th, 2 ºC above average on the 29th and 5 ºC above average on the 30th.

 

Maximum temperatures during September were predominately above average with a few days close to average and a cool period in the second week of the month. The 1st was 1 ºC above average, 4 ºC above average on the 2nd, 2 ºC above average on the 3rd and 8 ºC above average on the 4th. The 5th was 6 ºC above average, warming to 9 ºC above average on the 6th cooling to near average on the 7th and 8th. The 9th to 10th was 2 ºC to 3 ºC below average and 1 ºC below average on the 12th. Warm conditions followed with the 13th and 14th being 5 ºC above average, 1 ºC below average on the 15th before warming again to 4 ºC above average on the 16th and 17th. It cooled to 1 ºC above average on the 18th to 22nd rising to 6 ºC above average on the 23rd. the 24th and 25th was 1 ºC below average, near average on the 26th before warming to 3 ºC above average on the 27th, 7 ºC above average on the 28th and easing to 1 ºC above average on the 29th and 3 ºC above average on the 30th.

 

Heatwave Conditions (Maximum temperatures): Nil

 

MSL pressure – above average air pressure

Monthly Mean Minimum MSL Pressure: 1017 hPa (0.3 hPa lower than same month in 2018). This is the second highest on record for September and the highest since the current record high of 1017.2 hPa in 2015.

 

Monthly Mean Maximum MSL Pressure: 1022.5 hPa (0.1 hPa higher than same month in 2018). This is the second highest on record for September and the highest since the current record high of 1022.9 hPa in 2015.

 

Monthly Mean MSL Pressure: 1019.8 hPa (2.2 hPa above average, 0.3 hPa higher than same month in 2018). This is the second highest on record for September and the highest since the current record high of 1020.1 hPa in 2015.

Lowest MSL Pressure: 1006.8 hPa on 6 September 2019 at 3:49 PM. The same month in 2018 saw 1008.9 hPa. This is the sixth lowest and highest monthly minimum air pressure for September, the ninth lowest daily minimum air pressure for September and the lowest since the current record low of 1003.5 hPa in 2016 on 30 September at 1:30 PM.

 

Highest MSL Pressure: 1029.5 hPa on 11 September 2019 at 11:21 PM. The same month in 2018 saw 1028.5 hPa. This is the fourth highest September monthly maximum air pressure, the highest since 1030.7 hPa in 2015 on 11 September at 11:10 AM, the tenth highest daily maximum air pressure for September and the highest since 1029.9 hPa on 12 September 2015 at 12:00 AM.

Note: Air pressure measurements are being closely monitored to maintain its accuracy. Over the month of September, a difference of 0.01 hPa lower compared to the official BoM Brisbane site – No. 040913 was observed which is deemed acceptable.

 

Relative Humidity – well below average mean humidity, mean minimum humidity, and mean maximum humidity

Monthly Mean Minimum Humidity: 21.5 % (26.7 % lower than same month in 2018 and 22.2 % below average). This is the lowest on record for September exceeding the old record of 29.8 % in 2009.

 

Monthly Mean Maximum Humidity: 77.1 % (15.5 % lower than same month in 2018 and 13.7 % below average). This is lowest on record for September exceeding the previous record low of 81.2 % in 2017.

 

Monthly Mean Humidity: 49.3 % (21.1 % lower than same month in 2018 and 17.9 % below average). This is the lowest on record for September exceeding the previous record of 56.6 % in 2009.

 

Lowest Humidity: 1 % on 6 September 2019 at 11:40 AM (24 % lower than this month in 2018). This is the lowest monthly and daily minimum humidity for September on record exceeding the old record of 14 % on 4 September 2014 at 2:50 PM.

 

Highest Humidity: 92 % on 2 September 2019 at 6:46 AM (6 % lower than this month in 2018). This is the lowest monthly September maximum humidity on record exceeding the previous record low of 96 % in 2017 on 28 September at 6:05 AM.

 

Dew point – well below average mean and minimum dew point and below average mean maximum dew point

Monthly mean minimum dew point: -2.4 ºC (12.1 ºC below average). This is the lowest monthly mean minimum dew point for September on record exceeding the old record of 8.1 ºC in 2015.

 

Monthly mean maximum dew point: 11.7 ºC (2.3 ºC below average). This is the third lowest monthly mean maximum dewpoint for September and the lowest since 10.7 ºC in 2011.

 

Monthly mean dew point: 4.7 ºC (7.2 ºC below average). This is the lowest monthly mean dew point for September on record exceeding the previous record low of 9.5 ºC in 2009.

 

Lowest dew point: -30.9 ºC on 6 September 2019 at 4:48 PM. This is the lowest monthly and daily dew point for September on record, exceeding the previous record of -1.2 ºC on 4 September 2014 at 12:50 AM.

 

Highest dew point: 17.6 ºC on 21 September 2019 at 8:31 AM. This is the third lowest monthly maximum dew point on record for September, the lowest since 15.9 ºC in 2011 on 24 September at 12:52 PM, the twenty-fifth highest daily dew point for September and the highest since 19.1 ºC on 29 September 2018 at 5:51 PM.

 

Wind Speed – above average wind speed

Maximum Wind Gust: 54 km/hr on 9 September 2019 at 11:22 AM. This is the fifth highest September maximum wind gust and the lowest since 50.5 km/hr in 2014 on the 16 September at 3:36 AM. The maximum wind gust this month in 2018 was 68.7 km/hr. This is the eleventh highest daily wind gust on record for September and the highest since 68.7 km/hr on 19 September 2018 at 2:00 PM.

 

Maximum Wind Speed: 27 km/hr on 9 September 2019 at 12:58 PM (Moderate Force Wind). This is the lowest monthly maximum wind speed for September on record, exceeding the previous record low of 27.7 km/hr in 2012 on 14 September at 7:30 AM, the twenty-sixth highest daily wind speed on record for September and the highest since 29.8 km/hr on 24 September 2018 at 7:14 AM.

Wind Run: 4110.1 km (2790.2 km higher than same month in 2018), 2790 km above average and 78.3 % above average. This is the highest on record for September total wind run exceeding the previous record of 1993.8 km in 2017.

 

Monthly Mean Wind Speed: 5.7 km/hr (3.9 km higher than this month in 2018), 3.6 km/hr above average and 171.1 % above average (approx. 131 % above average accounting for measuring equipment changes). This is the highest on record for September exceeding the previous record high of 2.7 km/hr in 2016.

 

Daily Mean Maximum Wind Gust: 29.9 km/hr (6.3 km/hr lower than this month in 2018), 2 km/hr below average and 6.3 % below average. This is the fifth highest daily mean maximum wind speed on record for September and the lowest since 28.8 km/hr in 2014.

 

Daily Mean Maximum Wind Speed: 16.3 km/hr, 2.8 km/hr lower than this month last year, 2.1 km/hr below average and 11.4 % below average. This is the fourth lowest daily mean maximum wind speed on record for September and the lowest since 14.6 km/hr in 2012.

 

Dominant Direction: NE (S this month last year).

 

Rainfall – well below average rainfall

Monthly Rainfall Total: 2.8 mm (30.4 mm below average) and 8.4 % of the long term average. This total is in decile 1/ 6th percentile which ranks as very low and 18.2 mm below the long term median (13 % of long term median). This total is lower than this month last year which was 37.9 mm, the third lowest on record for September and the lowest since 1.7 mm in 2017.

 

During September most of the main official sites in the Brisbane area observed totals of less than 10 mm of rain. Most of the sites ranked historically as low or very low except for two sites that ranked as average. These sites ranking as average were 13 mm at Amberley (39% of the long term average) and 20.6 mm at Beerburrum (44% of the long term average). The remaining sites measured totals that were between 4 and 42% of the long term average. The sites that ranked as low measured totals that were between 14 and 42% of the long term average with the lowest total being 3 mm at Brisbane Aero (24% of the long term average) and the highest being 16.5 mm (42% of the long term average) at Logan City Treatment Plant. The sites that ranked as very low saw totals that were between 3% and 11% of the long term average; the lowest total was 1 mm at Gatton (3% of the long term average and was the lowest total of all the official sites) and 5.8 mm at Point Lookout (11% of the long term average). Brisbane observed a total of 8.8 mm (31 % of the long term average) which ranked as low. Woodford Stanmore observed a new record low for September rainfall with a total of 1.9 mm exceeding the previous record of 2.4 mm in 2003, while Alderley observed its lowest total since 1987 (0.8 mm) with a total of 3.1 mm measured. The highest total of all the official sites was 28.2 mm at Caloundra Airport

 

In the Brisbane area most sites saw most rainfall occur during the second half of the month, with very little rainfall observed in the first half of the month. Even though rainfall totals were low there were some localised moderate falls towards the end of the month with some sites measuring totals of 20mm as a result.

 

Number of Rain Days (0.1 mm or greater): 3 days, 6 less than this month in 2018 and 2.6 days below average. This is the equal third lowest on record for September and is the lowest since 1 day in 2017.

 

Highest Daily Total: 2 mm on 18 September 2019. This is the third lowest September daily rainfall on record on monthly basis, the lowest since 1.7 mm in 2017 which occurred on the 23 September, the sixty-second highest September daily rainfall on record on daily basis and the highest since 14.6 mm on 30 September 2018. The highest daily total in the Brisbane area of all official sites was 27 mm at Caloundra Airport on the 29 September 2019.

 

Monthly Rainfall Total – (automatic gauge) 24 hours to 9am: 1.8 mm (1.0 mm less than the site official standard gauge and within 35.7 %). Highest daily total of automatic gauge, (24 hours to 9am): 1.8 mm on 18 September 2019, (24 hours from midnight): 1.8 mm on 17 September 2019.

 

Note: This automatic gauge for the month of September, failed to meet the expected accuracy (of +/- 10% of the standard gauge) at -35.7 %.

 

Some brief light showers in the late afternoon of the 17th followed by a mild high-base thunderstorm. 2 mm was measured on the 18th. Some brief light showers in evening of 26th with 0.3 mm on the 27th. In the evening of the 27th was light drizzle with no measurable rainfall.

 

There was 0 days with falls of at least 25 mm (equal to same month in 2018) with 2 days of less than 1 mm (1 less than same month in 2018).

 

Highest rainfall rate was 27.4 mm/hr on the 17 September 2019 at 5:57 PM. This is the third highest monthly rainfall rate for September, the lowest since 6.2 mm/hr in 2017 on 23 September at 7:40 AM, the seventh highest daily rainfall rate for September and the highest since 43.2 mm/hr on 29 September 2018 at 4:07 PM.

 

The highest hourly rainfall total was 1.8 mm on the 17 September 2019 at 6:29 PM. This is the third lowest monthly hourly rain for September maximum hourly rainfall, the lowest since 1 mm in 2017 on 22 September at 8:22 PM, the eleventh highest daily hourly rainfall total and the highest since 5.7 mm on 30 September 2018 at 11:47 AM.

 

Number of severe thunderstorms: 0

 

Number of thunderstorms: 1 (Mild: 1, Moderate: 0)

 

Number of thunder days: 2 day

 

Number of nearby storms: 0

 

Severe thunderstorms in the Brisbane area: Nil

 

Remarks for month:

• Sunny with low relative humidity and a cold morning on the 1st
• On the 2nd it was sunny with a warm day. The dew point became very low during the day before starting to recover in the evening. Very low daytime relative humidity.
• A cool morning on the 3rd, low daytime relative humidity and dew point was very low in the afternoon
• Smoke haze, a hot day and sunny on the 4th. The temperature rose quickly during the morning to 28 ºC at 9am (6 ºC in 3 hours). Low daytime dew point falling to extremely low levels in the afternoon recovering later in the day but remained low. Relative humidity became extremely low in the afternoon to a low of 2 to 3 % (1% for 1 minute). A new high record for daily temperature range of 25.8 ºC(from 8 ºC to 34 ºC). This is the highest for September and any month; previously the highest for this for all months: 24.4 ºC on 17 August 2018 and for September: 22.3 ºC on 16 September 2017. The maximum temperature was only the second time in last 10 years of a 30 ºC + day in early September. The highest temperature in early September was previously 31.3 ºC on 4 September 2017.
• A cool morning, a hot day and sunny with a record high temperature range on the 5th. Dew point remained low though recovered to some degree later in the day. Very low daytime relative humidity and fell to a low of 8% hovering around 10 to 15% in the afternoon. The temperature was stable for 2 hours in the middle of the day. Smoke haze.
• Smoke and dust haze increased on the 6th with a hot day and sunny. The temperature was high and stable for 3 hours from 1 pm at 35ºCafter reaching 32 ºC at 10am. Low to extremely low daytime dew point (down to -30 ºC), temporarily recovering in the evening slightly before falling again. Extremely low daytime relative humidity which fell to 1% at 1pm, where it remained at this level before rising later in the afternoon and remained near 20% in the evening. Moderate and gusty NNE to NNW winds before a W to NW wind change at 11:50 pm. Extreme fire danger due to these conditions.
• On the 7th it was sunny with very thick dust haze thinning from late afternoon. Low dew point and very low in the afternoon (minimum of -16 C). A hot morning. Relative humidity was very low remaining below 25% over entire day (minimum of 5%). Light to moderate and gusty WSW to NW winds.
• Low to very low dew point on the 8th (minimum of -16 ºC), very low relative humidity (maximum of 28%) and sunny. Gusty NW to WSW winds increasing to moderate from the afternoon
• A cool day on the 9th. Low dew point and very low during the day (minimum of -20 ºC). Very low relative humidity (minimum of 4% and maximum of 35%). Gusty WNW to WSW winds during the day
• On the 10th smoke haze thinned from afternoon. Sunny. Very low dew point over entire day rising to low at times. Low daytime relative humidity.
• Sunny in morning on the 11th. Dew point and relative humidity was moderately low to near average with onshore winds
• A cool morning on the 12th and fluctuating temperature during the day.
• Sunny with smoke haze on the 13th. A cool morning and a hot day. Limited cu clouds during the day. Dew point fell quickly later in the morning and became very low in the afternoon rising later in the day but remained moderately low. Relative humidity was extremely low during the day and was around 5% between 12pm and 3pm
• On the 14th was smoke haze and a hot day. Very low daytime dew point returning to near average in the evening. Relative humidity was very low during the day and was stable at 5 to 10 % and briefly between 3 and 5 % in the afternoon. A SSE to NNE wind change at 4pm
• Smoke haze on the 15th and sunny
• Sunny on 16th
• On the 17th with the high-based thunderstorm high level clouds was followed by cloudy skies with cb clouds in the afternoon
• The 18th was sunny. Very low dew point in the afternoon which recovered quickly in the late afternoon while remaining moderately low. An unusual fall in relative humidity from 87% at 2:20 am to 52% at 4:45am. Low daytime relative humidity recovering in the evening. Dry N to NW winds generally before cooler and more humid WSW to SSW winds later in the day
• Sunny morning on 20th. Quite variable temperature in late morning and in afternoon
• Variable temperature from mid-morning to mid-afternoon of the 21st and 22nd
• On the 23rd it was hot and the temperature was variable from late morning to the afternoon. A SSW to SW wind change at 11pm.
• Thickening high clouds on the 24th and a warm morning. The temperature was very variable in the morning and afternoon (rose and fell 9 times)
• Cloudy at times on the 25th. A very warm morning with the temperature stable in the early hours. During the day the temperature and relative humidity fluctuated.
• Cloudy until afternoon with very variable temperature during the day on 26th
• On the 27th the temperature was variable later in the morning and in the afternoon. Temperature and dew point rose and fell a few times during the day
• A hot day on the 28th. Clouds building strongly and cloudy in early afternoon. Maximum temperature reached in middle of day before cooling in the afternoon.
• A SE to E wind change in the early morning of the 29th
• A warm day on the 30th with variable temperature and relative humidity during the day. Thunderstorms to the north produced some thunder at 8:50pm. A midday ESE to E wind change.
• 8 Days of Dew during the month: 7 days of light – (1st, 2nd, 4th, 13th, and 15th to 17th) and 1 days of moderate – (23rd)
• Smoke haze over much of the month was a result of many bushfires across the region in dangerous conditions which resulted in the loss of several properties across tens of thousands of hectares.

 

Weather influences

• A high pressure system in the Tasman Sea extended a weak ridge over the state before decaying on the 1st. A weak high pressure system shifting into south-eastern Queensland and extended a weak ridge along the east Queensland coast
• On the 2nd a weak high pressure system over southern Queensland extended a dry and stable air mass over much of the state. This also extended a weak ridge along the east coast
• A slow moving high pressure system over southern Queensland on the 3rd extended a weak pressure gradient over much of the state and extended a dry and stable air mass
• On the 4th a weak high pressure system over the state and extended a dry air mass across the state with fine weather. Dry and gusty south-westerly winds over the south with elevated fire dangers, with dry and hot air.
• A weak high pressure system over the state extended a dry and stable air mass across the state and warm air across southern Queensland on the 5th.
• On the 6th a cold front shifted eastwards across the state and approached the east coast later in the day. Ahead of the trough, hot, dry and windy conditions lead to elevated fire danger across southern Queensland. Very dry air and freshening winds ahead of the trough also.
• A cold front shifted east on the 7th off the east Queensland coast and extended south to a large low pressure system shifting east across the Tasman Sea. This combined with a strong high pressure system over the Great Australian Bight slowly shifting eastwards that extends a ridge into central and northern parts of the state and a cool, dry and stable air mass across the state. A band of raised dust moved eastwards across the south and persisted during the day. Fresh south-westerly winds over the south following the passage of the trough with elevated fire danger
• On the 8th a large high pressure system over the Great Australian Bight maintained a ridge over central and northern parts of the state. A large low pressure system in the Tasman Sea is combining with the high pressure system to extend a relatively cool, stable and very dry air mass across the south with elevated fire danger. The haze cleared offshore as the trough shifts further east
• On the 9th a large high pressure system in the Great Australian Bight shifted slowly eastwards and maintains the ridge across central and northern parts of the state. A large low pressure system in the Tasman Sea combined to extend a cool and dry air mass across the state with windy and dry conditions in the region. Raised dust with elevated fire danger.
• The 10th saw a large high pressure system over South Australia shifted eastwards and maintain a firm ridge through central and northern Queensland. A large low pressure system combined with the high pressure system to direct a cool and dry air mass over much of the state and windy conditions with elevated fire conditions over the region.
• On the 11th a large high pressure system shifting eastwards over south-eastern Australia extended a ridge along the east Queensland coast. This extended a dry and stable air mass across the state. Smoke haze persisted over southern Queensland
• A large high pressure system on the 12th shifted east into the Tasman Sea with light winds over southern and central parts of the state. This extended light winds across southern Queensland.
• On the 13th a weak high pressure system over New Zealand extended a ridge over northern and central Queensland and a stable air mass further south. A trough and a weak south-easterly wind change shifted through the region in the morning with hot and dry air with elevated fire dangers.
• On the 14th a high pressure system in the Tasman Sea extends a ridge over Southern Queensland with a dry and stable air mass across the state. A south-easterly wind change shifted northwards along the south coast late in the day with the passage of a dry trough. Warm and dry air maintained elevated fire dangers.
• A high pressure system over south-eastern Australia shifted eastwards, across southern Queensland and into the Tasman Sea late in the day. This extended a ridge with a dry and stable air mass across the state. Elevated fire dangers persisted across southern Queensland.
• On the 16th a high pressure system in the Tasman Sea extended a ridge along the north east coast of the state and decayed over the rest of the state. Dry and stable over most of the state.
• A high pressure system shifted east into the Tasman Sea on the 17th and extended a weakening ridge along the north-east Queensland coast. A surface trough shifted eastwards across the state, reaching south-eastern Queensland in the evening and extended to a low pressure system off the central NSW coast. A weak southerly wind change, reached the south-east in the evening before weakening. Warm northerly flow ahead of the trough with some instability ahead of the trough.
• A surface trough moved off the south coast in the morning of the 18th which extended to a low pressure system off the northeast NSW coast. The surface trough also shifted further northwards along the east Queensland coast. A high pressure system in the Tasman Sea extended a ridge along the east Queensland coast with stable conditions
• On the 19th a weakening low pressure system off the northern NSW coast extends a near stationary trough along the south coast with little instability. A strong high pressure system in the Tasman Sea extends a ridge along the east Queensland coast
• The 20th saw the ridge strengthen along the east Queensland coast as the high pressure system remained in the Tasman Sea
• On the 21st a strong high pressure system in the Tasman Sea extended moist onshore winds along the east Queensland coast with some shower activity as a result
• A strong high pressure system in the Tasman Sea extended a ridge and moist wind flow along the east Queensland coast on the 22nd.
• On the 23rd a high pressure system near New Zealand extended a weakening ridge along the east Queensland coast with moist onshore winds along the coast. A surface trough is drifting east over the inland and extends to a cold front in the Tasman Sea. The southern end of the trough shifted into the region with a southerly wind change in its wake.
• The 24th saw a northward moving surface trough decay while an upper level trough over central Queensland extended high cloud across the state with little rain. A high pressure system in the Tasman Sea extended a ridge along the east Queensland coast.
• A high pressure system over southern Australia and the Tasman Sea extended a ridge along the east Queensland coast with some moist wind flow along the coast on the 25th. An upper trough over western parts of the state extended high cloud across the state.
• On the 26th a high pressure system in the Tasman Sea extended moisture and onshore flow along the east Queensland coast. A surface trough and increased moisture interacted with a upper level trough moving eastwards to bring some rainfall across the south
• On the 27th a high pressure system over the northern Tasman Sea extended a ridge along the east Queensland coast, and brought some moisture along the coast. A series of upper level troughs over the south interacted with the low level moisture and a persistent surface trough to produce instability
• The 28th saw an upper level trough shift eastwards across the south and a slow moving surface trough brought some showers and thunderstorms over the region which contract north-east wards later in the day. The coastal section of the surface trough shifted northwards over the NSW east coast and into the south coast with northerly winds ahead of the trough
• On the 29th a weak southerly wind change shifted northwards along the south coast decaying during the day
• A surface trough moved onshore on the south coast on the 30th with some showers and thunderstorms with some localised heavy falls mostly on the coast as the surface trough moved northwards towards the Wide Bay coast. A high pressure system shifting east-wards over south-eastern Australia extended a south-easterly wind change over the south coast.

 

Daily weather notes

• 1/9/19: Fine and sunny. Some limited cu cloud development in afternoon. Near average and falling dew point early becoming moderately low in the early morning, rising to near average in the early morning before falling and became moderately low in the late morning. From the mid-afternoon the dew point rose becoming near average and stable in the evening. A cold morning. Low afternoon relative humidity. Light and variable winds from early morning with some WSW to SSW winds until early afternoon. ENE to ESE winds in late afternoon and early evening, followed by light and variable winds at times in the evening.
• 2/9/19: Fine and sunny. A warm day. Moderately low and falling dew point early, before rising at dawn to near average in the early morning. From the mid-morning the dew point fell becoming very low in the afternoon to a low of -7 ºC in the late afternoon. In the late afternoon the dew point rose slightly and fell to -10 ºC before starting to rise later in the morning. Low relative humidity from later in the morning with a low of 9 %. Light and variable winds from early morning, WSW to S from late morning and WNW to WSW from mid-afternoon.
• 3/9/18: Fine and sunny. A cool morning. In the early hours dew point was low and rose before falling slowly. In the early morning the dew point rose again, before falling and became very low in the early afternoon. Soon after the dew point rose to moderately low, then fell slowly and rose to near average in the late afternoon before falling slowly in the evening. Low daytime relative humidity. Light and variable winds at times from early, WSW to SSW in early morning, then mostly SSE to NE light winds, ESE to NE in late afternoon and light and variable winds at times in the evening.
• 4/9/19: Fine and sunny. Smoke haze. A hot day. The temperature rose 20 ºC to 28 ºC at 9am and rose at a slower rate before falling slowly during the afternoon. The temperature fell quicker from 4pm. The dew point was moderately low and fell slowly early, before rising to near average during the early morning before rapidly falling to a very low level from the mid-morning. The dew point continued to fall fluctuating at extremely low levels in the afternoon with a low of -30 ºC. The dew point rose fast at 4pm before rising slower but remained low and was stable in the evening. Relative humidity fell from 8 am to extremely low levels, where is slowly fell with a low of 2 to 3 % (1% for 1 minute) before rising from 4pm. Light and variable winds in the early morning before WNW to SW winds, before shifting SE to NE from 4 pm and becoming calm in the evening.
• 5/9/19: Fine and sunny. A cool morning and a hot day. Smoke haze. Low and stable dew point early, falling further during the morning but was quite variable before rising from the early afternoon while remaining low and variable. In the evening the dew point became stable and moderately low before falling slowly later in the evening. The temperature was stable for 2 hours during the middle of the day. Low relative humidity and very low during the day and fluctuated in late morning and afternoon. Light E to SE winds in early morning, E to NE from mid-morning, ENE to NE in late afternoon, followed light and variable winds occasionally in the evening.
• 6/9/19: Fine and sunny. Increasing smoke and dust haze. A hot day and the temperature was high and stable for 2 hrs from 1pm. The temperature fell slower and started to rise in the late evening. Low and stable dew point early before rising during the early morning to near average before rapidly falling becoming extremely low. The dew point stabilised from the late morning and rose quickly in the late afternoon whilst remaining low. From the mid-evening the dew point started to fall again. Relative humidity was low from early before quickly falling from the early morning to extremely low in the late morning. The relative humidity stabilised before briefly rising sharply in the late afternoon before falling in the evening and remaining well below average at around 20%. Light and variable winds early, some SSW to ESE in early morning and NNE to NNW winds from the mid-morning. The wind was moderate and gusty at times in the afternoon before lower wind speed in the evening while remaining gusty. A W to NW wind change at 11:50 pm accompanied with a sharp rise in air pressure.
• 7/9/19: Fine and sunny. Thickening dust haze from morning, thinning from late afternoon. Low and generally stable dew point before falling from the early morning and becoming very low to a minimum of -16 ºC in the afternoon. The dew point steadily rose from the late afternoon while remaining low and was below 0 ºC for the entire day. A hot morning. Relative humidity was very low, remained below 25% over the entire day and an afternoon low of 5%. Light to moderate and gusty WSW to NW winds, easing to light from late afternoon.
• 8/9/19: Fine and sunny. Stable and low dew point early before falling from early morning to the minimum in the mid afternoon of -16 ºC and was quite variable later in the morning and in the afternoon. Dew point was below 0 ºC over the entire day. From the late afternoon the dew point rose but remained very low. Relative humidity was very low over the entire day with a maximum of 28% and an afternoon low of 7%. Light and gusty WSW to NW winds in the early hours and in the morning, increasing to light to moderate and gusty WNW to WSW in the afternoon and evening.
• 9/9/19: Fine and sunny. A cool day. The dew point was very low early rising during the early hours to -1 ºC in the early morning before falling. The dew point became extremely low from later in the morning falling to a low of -20 ºC in the afternoon. From the mid-afternoon the dew point rose before stabilising in the evening and remaining low. Relative humidity was very low with a maximum of 35 % in the morning falling to a low of 4% in the afternoon. Light NW to WSW winds early before increasing light to moderate during the morning. Later in the morning winds became gusty WNW to WSW, started to ease later in the morning and light W to WSW in the evening.
• 10/9/19: Fine and mostly sunny. Some cu clouds in the afternoon. Smoke haze thinning from afternoon. A small temperature rise in the mid afternoon. Very low and rising dew point from early in the day stabilising in the late morning. In the afternoon the dew point rose again above 0ºCand was low before falling slowly in the evening while remaining low. Low relative humidity from early in the day falling to a minimum of 19% in the afternoon and mostly recovering to near average during the evening. Light W to SW winds early, WNW to SW (some S to SW winds) in the morning, becoming variable from late morning, ESE to ENE in mid-afternoon, S to ESE later in the afternoon and light S to SW winds at times in the evening.
• 11/9/19: Fine. Sunny early with some sc clouds before becoming partly cloudy with cu clouds developing from later in the morning and easing in afternoon. Moderately low dew point early before rising in the early morning becoming stable from the late morning while fluctuating at times and rose slowly to near average in the late afternoon. In the evening the dew point fell slowly moderately low. Daytime relative humidity fluctuated but was near average. Light and variable winds early becoming S to SW in the early morning, S to SE from mid-morning and ESE to SSE from late morning. In the evening winds became variable before easing to calm later in the evening.
• 12/9/19: Fine and partly cloudy. Cu clouds developing during the morning and easing later in the afternoon. A cold morning and fluctuating temperature from mid-morning to mid-afternoon. Dew point fell in the early hours moderately low before rising in the early morning to near average before quickly falling back to moderately low where it was generally stable through to the late afternoon. In the late afternoon the dew point rose to near average and then slowly fell later in the evening and became moderately low. Moderately low daytime relative humidity. Light S to WSW winds in the early morning before SSE to ENE winds from the mid-morning before light and variable winds from the late morning. E to SE winds in the mid-afternoon, ENE to NE in late afternoon and N to NW in the evening.
• 13/9/19: Fine and sunny. Smoke haze. Some limited cu clouds later in the morning and clearing in afternoon. A cool morning and a hot day. Moderately low and stable dew point early then rose to near average in the early morning before starting to fall. The dew point fell faster from 9am and fell through to the afternoon and became very low to a minimum of -24ºC for a brief period. From mid-afternoon the dew point rose becoming stable and moderately low later in the evening. Relative humidity fell quickly from 8am and became low in the afternoon and was around 5% between 12pm and 3 pm and briefly between 2 and 5%. In the evening the relative humidity recovered to moderately low. Light and variable winds at times early before light SE to NE winds in the early morning before a dry W to SW change at 9am. SSW to W winds in the afternoon, SSE to ESE from mid-afternoon becoming calm in the evening.
• 14/9/19: Fine. Smoke haze. A hot day. Moderately low dew point rising from early, rising quicker in the early morning to near average before falling from the mid-morning and for a brief period in the late morning very quickly. The dew point became very low from the late morning and variable into the afternoon before sharply rising at 4pm to moderately low. In the late afternoon the dew point rose to near average and fell slightly in the early evening and slowly rose for the rest of the evening. Relative humidity fell very quickly from the early morning becoming very low later in the morning. The relative humidity was stabilised at 5 to 10 % and briefly 3 to 5 % in the afternoon before sharply rising from 4 pm close to average. At around 8pm there was brief fall in the relative humidity before resuming the normal rising of relative humidity. Light and variable winds at times early before winds varying between N to SSW (through W) from early morning with some ESE to NNE winds in the early morning. SSE to ENE winds wind change from 4 pm and light SSE to ESE winds in the evening.
• 15/9/19: Fine and sunny. Some cu clouds in the morning and clearing in the afternoon. Smoke haze. Near average and stable dew point early, rising slightly in the early morning before falling from mid-morning. The dew point was a little variable at it fell and through the afternoon, moderately low in the early afternoon and was stable and near average in the evening. Variable and moderately low relative humidity in late morning and in the afternoon. Light and variable winds occasionally in the early hours before SE to SW winds and then SSE to ENE in the early morning, ESE to NE winds from mid-morning, E to NE from mid-afternoon, ENE to NE from late afternoon and N to NW in the late evening.
• 16/9/19: Fine and sunny. Near average dew point in the early hours slowly fell and became moderately low in the early morning before rising to near average and then fell from the mid-morning. In the early afternoon the dew point rose sharply to near average, then rose slowly until the mid morning before stabilising and started to fall slowly in the late evening. Moderately low daytime relative humidity. Some light and variable winds early before light NNE to E winds from early morning, E to NE in the afternoon, N to NE from late afternoon and NNE to NNW later in the evening.
• 17/9/19: Fine until some brief light showers between 4 and 5 pm and was followed by a mild high-based storm between 5:30 and 6 pm. Partly cloudy with ci and cs clouds from morning, cu from later in the morning and cloudy in afternoon with cb during the afternoon. Falling and near average dew point in the early hours became moderately low in the early morning before rising to near average in the early morning before falling again to moderately low later in the morning. The dew point rose in the afternoon and returned to near average before starting to fall in the late evening. Moderately low daytime relative humidity returning the near average in afternoon. Light and variable winds occasionally in the early hours followed by generally SE to NW winds. E to SE from late morning, SSE to ESE winds from mid-afternoon, and SSW to SE with the thunderstorm. Light and variable winds in the evening with WSW to SSW winds in the late evening.
• 18/9/19: Fine and sunny. The temperature rose briefly at 3 am before falling again. A brief quick fall in the late afternoon. Near average dew point falling slowly in the early hours, quickly between 2 and 3 am before stabilising at a moderately low level. During the morning the dew point fell further becoming very low in the afternoon (to a low of -19 C), then rising sharply in the late afternoon and stabilised for the rest of the day and was moderately low. A fall in relative humidity from 87% at 2:20 am to 52% at 4:45am before resuming the normal early rising of relative humidity. Low daytime relative humidity, falling to a low of 6% in the afternoon, recovering in the evening. Light and variable winds early was generally SW to NW. Dry NNW to W winds from early morning, SSW to W in the late morning , NNE to W in the afternoon with some W to SW winds, before WSW to SSW winds in the mid-afternoon. In the late afternoon cooler and more humid air followed with ENE to SE winds easing to mostly calm in the evening.
• 19/9/19: Moderately low dew point early, rising to near average in the early morning and remaining near average for the rest of the day. During the morning and in the evening the dew point fell slightly and rose in the afternoon. Light W to SW winds early at times, WNW to SSW in the early morning becoming S to SE, ENE to ESE from mid-morning becoming calm in the evening.
• 20/9/19: Fine. Sunny morning and partly cloudy from middle of the day with cu clouds developing from mid-morning. Quite variable temperature later in the morning through to afternoon. Dew point was near average while being variable and fluctuating. Near average relative humidity and was variable from mid-morning to late afternoon. Light WSW to SSW winds at times early becoming SSE to E in the morning and ESE to ENE later in the morning. In the afternoon winds were light ESE to ENE and in the evening was light E to SE winds becoming calm later in the evening.
• 21/9/19: Fine. Partly cloudy with cu clouds during the morning, easing in the afternoon. Near average temperatures and was variable from mid-morning to mid-afternoon. In the late evening the dew point rose. Dew point rose during the early hours and became moderately high in the early morning before returning to near average from the mid-morning and which was variable at times. Near average relative humidity and was variable in the late morning and afternoon. Light SW winds in the early morning became E to NE from early morning, and NNW to NE at times in the evening.
• 22/9/19: Fine and partly cloudy with cu clouds reducing in the afternoon. Variable temperature from mid-morning and in the early afternoon. Near average dew point which rose and fell several times in the morning and afternoon. In the early hours the dew point was stable, fell slowly in the evening and in the mid-morning the dew point became moderately high. Near average relative humidity. Light and variable winds at times early becoming light NNW to NE from mid-morning, NE to ESE from late morning, E to NE in the afternoon and NNW to NE from late afternoon.
• 23/9/19: Fine. Partly cloudy with some ac clouds in the morning with cu clouds developing from the morning easing later in the afternoon. A hot day. The temperature was variable from later in the morning and in the afternoon. A small rise in the temperature in the late evening with a wind change. Near average dew point falling slowly in the early hours and in the evening. Between the early morning and mid-afternoon the dew point rose, fell and rose again while remaining near average. Moderately low daytime relative humidity. Light WNW to NW winds in the early hours, NW to NE winds from the early morning with some WSW to NW winds before E to SE winds in the afternoon, E to NE in the late afternoon (with a rise in dew point) and became calm in the evening. A SSW to SW wind change at 11 pm.
• 24/9/19: Fine. Partly cloudy with cu clouds developing from morning and high ci and cs clouds thickening during the day. A warm morning. Very variable temperature from mid-morning to mid-afternoon and rose and fell 9 times. The temperature was stable in the late evening. The dew point was near average and generally fell slowly before rising later in the afternoon and stabilised in the evening. Near average daytime relative humidity and moderately low in the evening. The relative humidity was variable from the mid-morning to mid-afternoon. Light WSW to SSW winds from early, becoming S to SE in the early morning and E to SE later in the morning through to the early evening before becoming calm later in the evening.
• 25/9/19: Fine. Partly cloudy and cloudy at times from morning with cu, sc and ac clouds, easing in the afternoon. A very warm morning with the temperature stable in the early hours. From the mid-morning through to the afternoon the temperature fluctuated. The dew point was stable and near average early, slowly rising in the early morning and stable and near average from the mid-morning. Moderately low relative humidity in the early hours and near average for the rest of the day. From the mid-morning to the mid-afternoon the relative humidity fluctuated. Light and very steady SW winds from the early hours, before light and variable winds in the early morning and ESE to NE winds from the mid-morning. From the late afternoon winds were ENE to NE and became calm later in the evening.
• 26/9/19: Fine until some evening brief light showers. Cloudy with cu and sc clouds clearing in the afternoon with some ci clouds in late afternoon. Very variable temperature in the late morning and in the afternoon. Stable temperature for 2 hours in the evening. Near average dew point falling slightly in the mid-morning and rose slowly in the evening. Near average relative humidity. Light N to ENE winds from early morning, NE to E from mid-morning, NNW to NE later in the evening before becoming calm in the late evening.
• 27/9/19: Fine until some brief light drizzle in the evening. Partly cloudy with cu and sc clouds increasing in the afternoon with as clouds. Variable temperature later in the morning and in the afternoon and rose and fell many times. Near average dew point fell and rose a few times until the afternoon and was stable in the evening. Near average relative humidity and was a little variable in the afternoon. Light N to NE winds from early morning and E to NE from mid-morning to mid-afternoon.
• 27/9/19: Fine until some brief light drizzle in the evening. Partly cloudy with cu and sc clouds increasing in the afternoon with as clouds. Variable temperature later in the morning and in the afternoon and rose and fell many times. Near average dew point fell and rose a few times until the afternoon and was stable in the evening. Near average relative humidity and was a little variable in the afternoon. Light N to NE winds from early morning and E to NE from mid-morning to mid-afternoon.
• 28/9/19: Fine. Partly cloudy with cu clouds with some ci clouds in the morning. Cu clouds building strongly from middle of day, cloudy in early afternoon, clearing from mid-afternoon with some ci clouds from distant storms. A hot day with the maximum temperature reached in middle of the day before cooling in the afternoon with the increasing cloud. A brief rise in temperature in mid-afternoon. Near average over the day with the dew point being stable early before falling during the morning and afternoon while remaining near average. At 2 pm the dew point rose sharply near average, then falling slightly in the afternoon becoming stable in the evening. Moderately low dew point early and during the day. At 2 pm the relative humidity rose sharply returning to near average in the evening. Light and variable winds early before N to WNW winds with some SSW to WNW winds from the early morning. ESE to NE sea breeze from 2 pm, N to NE in the late afternoon and N to NNW in the evening at times.
• 29/9/19: Partly cloudy with cu and sc clouds in the early morning, becoming sunny during the morning with some cu clouds persisting into the late morning before clearing. The temperature rose briefly between 12 am and 1 am before falling. Near average dew point and generally stable early before rising during the morning and stabilising from the late afternoon and fell slightly in the evening. Light WSW to SSW winds from 12am to 1 am with light W winds occasionally early before a SE to E wind change during the early morning becoming ESE to NE from mid-morning with some N to NE winds in the morning. Later in the afternoon winds were ENE to NNE and became calm in the evening.
• 30/9/19: Fine and partly cloudy with cu clouds. Thunder at 8:50 pm from thunderstorms to the north. A warm day with variable temperature in the morning and afternoon. Near average dew point rising slowly from early morning, falling in the late morning while remaining near average before rising again during the middle of the day. The dew point then generally rose slowly in the afternoon and fell in the evening remaining near average. Variable daytime relative humidity. Light W to SW winds at times early, light WSW to SSW during the morning, followed by an ESE to E wind change at midday. The wind direction gradually backed for the rest of the day becoming S to SE later in the evening.

 

Station records for September 2019

NOTE: This is a summary of the aforementioned monthly records exceeded over a monthly basis. Additionally it lists records that are the lowest or highest in at least 5 years. See end notes for more information about record periods.

 

 

Key records for September 2019

NOTE: These records are drawn from automatic data record for this site. See end notes for more information.

 

 

 

Data summary tables for September 2019